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Some commercial and industrial buildings are capable of reaching heights of over 60 stories. Obviously, while these buildings are being constructed, they need equally tall cranes to be able to move the supplies to the higher floors. There are cranes that are operated from the back of trucks or other kinds that have their own vehicle connected. Tower cranes are the largest kinds on the market.
Tower cranes are the stand-alone structures that are usually seen on high-rise building projects. Normally, they are part of a major city's downtown skyline. When new construction like for instance apartment buildings and skyscrapers and commercial facilities like for example shopping center are being constructed, chances are a crane will be on site.
Types
There are two different types of cranes: jib crane of the boom crane. The jib is a metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal as it lifts things. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib could ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types can vary from 30,000 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The crane's body is composed of a vertical steel mast which is composed of individual sections. The parts are added to increase the overall height of the machinery. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The crane operator works from inside of the tower.
Lift
In order to raise materials, the crane uses a braided metal cord. The cord extends all the way to the end of the jib or boom from a motor situated near the control module. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib situated on the opposite side of the tower. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from tipping over when heavy supplies are carried.
The hydraulic truck crane is a specialized mobile crane that uses hydraulic power to lift and transport thousands of pounds. Hydraulics makes use of forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the pistons of the boom so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are really important in building major projects like bridges, airports, roads and buildings. A crane can accomplish in minutes jobs that will normally take a lot of hours and hundreds of men to complete.
The vast equipments are commonly used in the construction of cities, homes, whole nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were probably built with the help of basic cranes to allow the heaviest supplies in one of the most remarkable construction projects ever.
The very first cranes were established in 3000 B.C. Egypt in King Ramses'' reign. This lifting device was originally used to collect water. The very first official "cranes" appeared in Ancient Greece. These mechanism were utilized to build an entire country in the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were originally made out of wood. The designs of cranes started to change when dockyards began to require stronger and bigger machinery. Hick & Rothwell designed the first cast iron cranes in eighteen thirty four, within Bolton, England. This machinery was capable of lifting up to 2 tons. That same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition allowed cranes to have a bigger capacity to lift heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. Germany began to build cast iron cranes 4 years later. The very first cast iron crane built by Germany was made within Neuburg.
