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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety pounds with counter weights of twenty tons. In addition, two limit switches are utilized to be able to make certain that the driver does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or 230 feet.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially due to their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure needs to be transported to the construction location by utilizing a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the machine part of the jib and the crane. Then, these sections are attached to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be a few of the other industrial equipment which is used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane can match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. Then, the operator of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast section piece.
A "loaded container" by definition is a container other than in the empty or tare condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers should be treated as loaded. To be able to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions like wind should be considered. The word loaded is the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. To be able to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the cargo has to be evenly distributed all over the container.
To be able to maintain safety, having an equally distributed cargo is beneficial to avoid excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability. An even cargo helps to avoid unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the load distribution within the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity differs. It is extremely essential that the designers of containers and handling equipment consider during the engineering process. For example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in 50 percent of the container length measured from one end of the machine, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
In order to make sure that the machinery used is perfect for the load, care needs to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention needs to be paid to the risk of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like for instance a tank container, a bulk container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging load, great care must be taken when lifting these.
